Electrical system of distribution.



W. A. TURBAYNE. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION. APPLICATION FILEDFEB. 25, 1901 {I 99 145 Patented Sept. 22, 1908.

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WILLIA)! A. TURBAYNE, OF L.\.\"C -\S'I'ER SEW YORK, AS IGNOR TO COULDSTORAGE BAT- TERY COWPAXY, CL'PRPORATIOX .OF NEW YORK.

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM; OF DISTRIBUTION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 22, 1908.

Application filed. February 25, 1907. Serial No. 359,240.

To all whom it 122 (11 concern:

State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inElectrical ing is a specification.

My invention relates to electrical systems of distribution and isespecially applicable to train lighting systems of the type of that setforth in patent to Chamberlain X0. 771,710. dated October 4, 1904.

name is provided on one of the train unizs capable of supplyingsubstantially all the lig its on the train, while upon each car there isa storage battery and a lamp circuit con taming the lights of the ear.the storage batlights when the car is detached. or at any other timewhen it is not desired to supply the power from the generator. bet-lainsystem there is a conductor leadizn from the generator and extendingtllifitbilout the train, this conductor being'conneczed to the variouslamp'cn'cuits to supply current to the same when the generator inoperation, this conductor being hereinafter;

called the work circuit conductor. There also a second conductorextending from the 5 Svstems of Distribution, of which the followbooster which gives the higher voltage neccssary and which automaticallyregulated to reduce the charging current: as the number of lamps areincreased thereby maintainf in; a relatively steady load upon the maingenerator. T1115 general character of system is etl'ic-ientandadvantageous. However, in practice the load on the lamp circuit variesconsiderably because of the ditl'ercnces between ditl'crent lengths oftrain, and also on Qaccount of the varying needs at; ditierent,

times of the day. f nations of load, is especially great in these Insystems of tlns character a mam d v- 1 This variation, due to Vatrainlighting systems owing to the diflicultics of wiring a tram 1n themostellicient manner. The ob ect of my mvention is to v provide meanswhereby this variation of voltage, due to variations of load in such atrain I lighting system, or an analogous system, will tery being used tosupply the current to the be reduced to' a negligible factor, so that aIn the Chamvoltage be applied to the batteries regardless of thevariations of load in the work circuit.

Special means are necessary in this class of system because thevariations which give rise to the trouble are not. variations of thegenerator throughout the train and connecting'the generator and storagebatteries when the generator is in operation to supply a chargingcurrent to the batteries, this e aductor being hereinafter called thechar There is also a conducn to which all of the batteries and lampcircuits are connected which is preferably arranged in the form of aloop. the batteries and lamp circuits being connected to one side of theloop, while the genera or is connected to one end of the other side ofthe lo p. The purpose of making this common re conductor in the form ofa loop is to equaLL-e the voltage as much as possible at ditierentpoints in the train. sired that the lamp circuit have as near constantvoltage as possible across the 1 while the batteries are simultaneouslycha ing, a higher voltage being applied to I11. batteries.

total generator load and therefore the result cannot be obtained by amere compounding of the generator. for the booster in the chargingcircuit is arrangcd so that its voltage shall fall and therefore thecurrent in the charging circuit will be decreased whenever the currentinthe work circuit increases. In order to overcome this ditlieitlty I haveprovided a supplemental generator, preferably a (lynamo booster, in theworking circuit conductor and have regulated it by controlling itsvoltage in accordance with the current in p the working circuitconductor so that as the In this system it is denumber of lampsincreases the voltage of the booster will increase correspondingly. Thesame change of currentin the lamp circuit acts oppositely upon a boosterin the charging circuit to reduce its voltage as the current in the workcircuit increases and thereby permits less currentv to pass through thecharging circuit conductor to the batteries.

.-\t the same time in order that the charging lo this end there has beenpro- 7 vided 1n the charging circuitconductor a circuit; booster whichis located in the charggardlcss of the length of the train, I haveprovided a. regulating (Oil for the charging UNITED sra'rns PairnnirOFFICE.

'i I l ing circuit and arranged to increase the voltage of the chargingcircuit booster as the current Hi the charging circuit increases, as

' will occur if any car is added to the train requiring an additionalstorage battery group to be charged. Preferably I combine with the abovemeans a compounding of the main generator sui'iicient to compensate forany changes of drop in that portion of the common return conductor inwhich the total generator current is passing. This slight risingcharacteristic of the. main generator makes it unnecessary to give theseries coils of the two boosters as great a value as it would otherwisebe necessary to give them. It will be seen, therefore, that the workingcircuit booster compensates for changes of the drop in the workingcircuit conductor and in a part of the loop conductor caused by currentchanges in the working circuit; that the charging circuit boostercompensates for the drop in the charging circuit conductor and in a partof the loop conductor caused by changes of the charging current; thatthe compounding of the main generator serves to compensate for changesof current of both circuits causing changes of drop in that portion ofthe loop conductor in which all the.

generator current is passing; and that the charging circuit booster alsovaries in order to maintain the desired relatively constant load uponthe main generator.

\Vhi e I have above outlined the general arrangement, the variousfeatures that I prefer, yet it is not essential to my broad inventionthat all the features above set out should be. combined in a singlesystem, as novel and efficient results may be obtained without en1--ploying the exact arrangement. described. Moreover, while I have devisedthis invention for use with train lighting systems, it is clear that theinvention is not limited to this specificclass of system.

The drawing accompanying this specification is a diagram illustrating aspecific embodiment of my invention.

In the drawing A, B, C, D. H, It and related )arts are supposed to becarried upon one of the train units as, for example, the

baggage car, or A, which is the main genera tor, may be carried on thelocomotive and the other apparatus referred to may be carried on anotherunit. The drawing indicates two other units, but it is to be understoodthat there may be any number of units.

A is the main generator of the system and may be rotated in any suitablemanner as, for

example, by a steam turbine on the locomotive.

E, E represent lamp circuits on different cars of the train and F, Frepresent groups of storage batteries on the several cars.

From one terminal of the generator A there extends throughout the traina conductor made continuous by connectors 1 a between the diil'erentcars. From the sameterminal of the generator there extends a conductor 2made continuous by similar connectors 13. From the. other terminal ofthe generator A there extends throughout the train a conductor 4 madecontinuous by the connectors 4, and this conductor at its outer end isconnected by a loop 5 to a conductor 3 made continuous by a connector 3.Gne terminal of each of the batteries 1 and lamp circuits E is connectedto the conductor 3, the other terminal of each battery is, in thepresent instance, permanently connected to the conductor 1, thisconductor being that through which the charging current is to pass whenthe complete apparatus is in operation,

which conductor .1 will hereinafter refer to as the charging currentconductor. The other terminal of each lamp circuit .1) is (-Ollllttiidto the movable blade G of an electro-inagnetic switch G, the contacts ofwhich, as indicated, are connected oncto a battery terminal and theother to the conductor 1. The

coils of these magnetic switches, as shown,

are in the conductor 4 so that the switch blade G will be raised to makecontact with the upper contact whenever sullicient current is flowingthrough the conductor 4.- This cannot occur until the electroanagneticswitch ll at the generating end of the system is closed.

'hen the switch blades G are down the switch ll is also opened and eachlamp circuit is supplied only by the current of the bat tery on the samecar. As the particular arrangement, and functions and operation ofswitches G and ll are not new with the present application, I will notdescribe them further, but will describe the remaining apparatus and themode of operation of the same on the assumption that the switches G areraised and the switch ll is closed, this being the condition of theseswitches when the generating plant is in operation. When the switches G,then, are up and the switch It is closed the current to the lampcircuits is supplied from the generator A tarough the conductor 1returning from the lam) circuit by way of conduct s 3 and 4. he oopformed by conductors 3 and J: is provided in order to maintain asubstantially uniform voltage on diil'erent parts of the system. Thecurrent to charge the batteries is provided from the generator throughthe conductor 2 and returns to the generator through the conductors 3and 4. it is desired that while this operation is being carried on theload on thegenerator A shall remain approximately steady, that whatevercurrent is 10( uired by the lamp circuits sh; ll be supplied by thegenerator and that the voltage across the lamp circuit shall besubstantially uniform at that value for which the lamps are. suited, andthat a sullicient charging voltage. be supplied to charge the batterieswith a current varythe iield winding of the booster.

ing inversely as the current required by the lamps varies. Moreover, itis desired that none of these conditions vary to a marked extent whenthe number of cars of the train is changed or any other condition arisesthat calls for a substantially ditierent lamp load. I meet theseconditions by the provision of means which I will now describe. Thegenera-tor A is a compound wound generator provided with coils A and -f,the former being the series or compound coil. 'lhis coil A is wound onlyto compensate for the vary ing drop in the conductor 1'. It isimpossible to provide the necessary regulation for v arying load for theentire drop in the system by compounding the generator A because,rcgardlcss of the lamp load, it is desired to maintain the generatorload substantially steady, whereas the compounding of the main generatorcan only provide for variations of the total current and cannotcompensate forrcla tive changes of load between the charging and thelamp circuits. It is not absolutely essential that the generator Abecompounded to compensate i'or the drop in the conductor 4 as such achange may also be provided for by the design of the other apparatus towhich 1 will refer.

In the circuit of the conductor 1 is a booster I) having a controiling.coil 1) connected in series in the same conductor. In thepresentinstance this coil is indicated as This coil is wound to com)cnsate. or the varying lamp circuit loads so that the booster D has arising characteristic to regulate the. lamp voltage according to thenumber of lamps in circuit and thereby maintain a substantially constantvoltage at the lamps. In view of the design of the coil A abovedescribed, the. coil 1) is wound to cause a change ofelectromotive-forcc of the booster D substantially equal to the drop inthe conductors l and 3 caused by the variations of iamp circuit load.The. booster is driven by a motor B which is indicated as a compoundwound motorhaying a series coil I! and a shunt coil B.

C is another booster connected in the conductor 2. and also meet iicallyconnected to the. motor I3 to be. driven thereby. This booster has ashunt coil C and a series c'oil C which constitutes a regulating coilfor the booster, and which is connected in series with it in theconductor 2- This coil (1 is wound so as to compensate for changes ofdrop caused in the conductors 2 and 3 by variations of current in thecharging circuit. The. booster C is also provided with anotherregulating coil C which i shown as connected in the (OlUiUCit-H' 1 andwhich is a diii'erontial coil, that is, the m. ietism it-producesopposes that produced by the coils C and C I have shown this coil asconnected across an adjustable shunt R,bu: it is, nevertheless, in thecircuit of the condirlor 1 because its current is directly inaccordanccwith that of (I to produce justthc desired voltage tocompensate for drop in the conductors 2 and 3. it will be seen,therefore, that the work circuit and the charging circuit each havetheir booster and that whenever there is a change of work circuit loadthe. work circuit booster is immediately varied to vary the voltage ofthe lamp circuit without ail'ecting the. generator voltage, while thecharging circuit booster is inuncdiately varied in the oppositedirection to produce the desired inverse change of the charging current.In addition to this, added compensation is ci'l'ectcd by the coils U andA as above described.

llaving tlmsdescribed my invention what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is:-

1. In an electric system of distribution, a main genera-tor, twocircuits fed thereby, a supplementary generator in series in each circult, and means for acting upon both supplementary generatorsresponsively to chan es of electrical condition of one of the circuitsto oppositely allect the voltage of the two circuits.

2. In an electric system of distribution, a main generator, two circuitsfed thereby, a supplementary generator in series in each circuit, andmeans for acting upon both supplementary generators responsivcly tochanges in current strength of one of the circuits to oppositely ailectthe voltage of the two circuits.

3. In an 'elcctric system of distribution, a main generator, twocircuits fed thereby, a supplementary generator in series in eachcircuit, and means for oppositely varying the electro motive forces ofsaid supplementary generators responsively to changes of electricalcondition of one-of the circuits.

4. In an electric. system of distribution, a main generator, twocircuits l'ed thereby, a supplementary generator in series in eachcircuit, and means for oppositely varying the electro motive forces ofsaid supple mentary generators responsively to changes in currentstrength.

In an electric system of distribution,'

a main generator, two circuits fed thereby, a supplementary generator inseries in each circuit, a controlling coil for one supple' arranged toincrease the electro-mot-iye force -t\\ o circuits.

(3. In an electric system ot' distribution, a generator, two circuitsted thereby,v a booster in' one circuit autotmitically regulated toproduce an electro-motive-force increasing with increases of current ofone of said circuits, and a booster in the other circuit automaticallyregulated to produce an electro-rnotivc-force decreasing it'h increaseof current of the same circuits 7. The combination or" a main generator,a storage battery, a work circuit, a supplementary generator in thestorage battery circuit, a. supplementary generator in the work circuit,and means for automatically regulating said supplementary gmieratorsresponsirely to variations ot' the electrical condition of said workcircuit.

S. The combination of a main generator, :1. stori'ige. battery, a workcircuit, a supplementary enerator in the storage battery cireuit,'-asupplementary generator in the work circuit, and means for automaticallyregulating aTid sumaementarv generators responsively {jt \'ariations ot'the current strength of said work circuit,

S). The combination of a main generator, a storage battery 1 workcircuit, a supplementary generator n the storage battery circuit, asupple: t tary generator in the cork circuit, and taeans forautomatically and oppositely regulatihg said supplementary generatorsresponsively to variations of the electrical condition of said workcircuit.

it). The combination ota main genera-tor, a storage battery, a norkcircuit, a supplementary generator in the storage battery circuit, asupplementary generator in the oz-k circuit, and a regulating coil foreach supplementary generator, the tan coils being in series in the workcircuit.

11. In a train lighting system, a main generator, a charging circuit-l'ed thereby, a*-

storage battery located therein, a circuit connecting the main generatorand the lamps, and automatically regulated supplementary generatorslocated respective y in the charging circuit and in the lamp circuit.

1'3. In a train lighting system, a main generator, a charging circuitfed thereby, a storage battery located therein, a circuit connecting themain generator and the lamps, sup 'ilementary generators locatedrespectively in the charging circuit and in the lamp circuit, and meansfor automatically and oppositely regulating said supplementarygenerators responsix ely to warm: tions of load on the lamp circuit.

13. In a. train lighting system, a train generator, a charging circuitfed thereby, a storage battery located therein, a circuit connecting themain generator and the, lamps, supplementary generatms locatedrespectively in the charging circuit and in the lamp circuit means forreducing the electro-' motive-force of the charging circuitsupplementary genera-tor as the lamp currentincreases, and means forincreasing the electromotive force of the lam) circuit supplementarygenerator as the lamp current increases.

14. In a train lighting system, a main generator, a plurality of storagebatteries, a plurality of lamp circuits, a charging circuit connected tothe several batteries, awork circuit including the various lampcircuits, a booster in the lamp circuit controlling the S0 voltagethereof, and a booster in the charging circuit controlling the voltageof that circuit.

15. In a train lighting system, a main generator, a plurality of storagebatteries, a plu- S5 ralit-y of lamp circuits, a charging circuitconnected to the several batteries, a work circuit including the variouslamp circuits, 1 a booster in the lamp circuit controlling the voltagethereof, a booster in the charging circuit controlling the voltage ofthat circuit and a motor mechanically connected to both boosters. t

16. A main generator, a charging circuit and storage batteries therein,a-work circuit, '95 a booster in the charging circuit, a control-\ lingcoil therefor in the charging circuit and\ a second controlling coiltherefor in the work i I circuit, said coils opposing each other, abooster in the work circuitand a controlling coil therefor in the samecircuit. I

17. A main generator, a charging circuit and storage batteries therein,a work circuit, a booster in the charging circuit, means for lincreasing the electro-motire-force of .said 1051 booster responsivelyto current increases in the charging circuit and for decreasing saidelectro-motive-force responsively to current increases in the workcircuit, a booster in the work circuit, and means for increasing theelectro-motire-force thereof responsively to current increases in thework circuit.

13. In a train lighting system, two circuits fed from a common source, abooster in eaeln circuit, means for causing currentincreases in eachcircuit to regulate the booster in that circuit to increase the electro-motive-foree thereof, amt means for causing current increases in oneof the circuits to regulate the booster in the other circuit to decreasethe electro-motix-e-torce thereof.

19. In an electric system of distribution, a. main generator excited tohave a rising characteristic, a. )luralit-y of batteries and lampcircuits, a charging circuit conductorconnected to the severalbatteries, a work eirchit conductor connected to the various lampcireuits, a conductor common to the batteries, p

a booster in the work circuit conductor, another in the al'ging circuitconductor, and regulatim cons for each of said boosters so connected asto tend to give each of them rising characteristics.

1 '20. In a iectric system of distribution, a main gener r excited tohave at using characteristic, a -urality of batteries and lamp circuits,a rging circuit conductor connected to tl everal batteries, a workcircuit conductor t cctcd to the var" 21s lamp circuits, a cor torcommon to the batteries, a booster in the work circuit conductor,another in the charging circuit conductor, a regulating cll for theformer booster connccted to gift it a rising characteristic, aregulating coit or the latter booster tending to give it a r'characteristic, and a second i for the. latter boost-erconnectregulating er cd to lower its electro-rnotive-torce as thecurrent in the work circuit increases.

21. In an electric. system of distribution, a main generat ir. a batterycircuit and a work circuit C-(IIHl -Ia'i-cti thereto, a. conductorcornrnon to both circuits and connected to the generator, iield coil onthe generator connected and wound to vary its vohage in ac cordance withvariations of drop in said corrirnorr conduct r. and boosters in thecharging and work c' nits each having series coils connected wound tovary their electrorni'rtivc-forees to compensate for variations of dropin the separate portions of the two circuits.

22. In an *"ct ric system of distribution, a a battery circuit and awork circuit count ted thereto, a. conihictor cornmen to botli circuitsand connected to the generator, :ld coil on the generator connected andwound to vary its voitage in accordance with variations of drop in saidcomrnon conduct r, boosters in the charging and work circuits ea -hhaving series coils connected and wound to vary theirclectro-rnotive-forces to compensate for variations of drop in thes-paint0 portions of the. two circuits, and a ld coil on the changingcircuit booster cons-acted and arranged to vary its electro-motire-forceinversely as the. current in the work circuit changes.

2'3. In a t 1 lighting system, main generator, a pi. fit of storagebatteries, a. plurality of lam ircuits, a work circuit cont uctorconnectn the generator with the several lamp circuit and a boostertherr-in, a charging circuit conductor connecting thev generator withth= everal batteries and a booster therein, a th i conductor connectedto the several bat s and lamp circuits, a. return conductor a wrectingthe outer end of the third condut 1 with the generator, means forregulating the main generator to compensate for var-:7 g drops in saidreturn conductor, means for regulating the'char ging circuit n boosterto compensate for varying drops of potential in said charging circuitconductor and insaid third conductor due to variations of chargingconductor, and means for regulatin the work circuit booster tocompensate for varying drops in the work circuit cbnductor ant in thesaid third conductordue to variationsbf lamp current.

24. Ilia train lighting system, a main gen erator, a plurality ofstorage batteries, 9. plurality of lamp circuits, awork circuitconductor connecting the generator with the several lamp circuits, and abooster therein, a charging circuit conductor connecting the eneratorwith the several batteries and a booster therein, a third conductorconnected to the several batteries and lamp circuits, :1 .returnconductor connecting the outer end of the third conductor with thegenerator, means for regulating the main generator to COIDPBD sate forvarying d reps in said return conductor. means for regulating thecharging circuit booster to compensate for varying drops of potential insaid charging circuit conductor and in said third conductor due tovii-rimtions of charging conductor, means for regu lating the workcircuit booster to compensate for varying drops in the work circuitconductor and in the said third conductor due to variations of lampcurrent, and means for inversely varying the electro-nrotive-force ofthe charging circuit booster responsively to variations of lamp current.

25. In a train lighting system, a main generator, a storage battery, awork circuit, a. booster in the battery circuit, ha. 'ing a. shuntwinding, a cumulative winding in the battery circuit and an opposingwinding in the work circuit, and a series wound booster in the workcircuit.

26. In a train lighting system, a main generator, a storage battery, awork circuit, a booster in the battery circuit, having a shunt winding,a cumulative winding in the batter circuit and an opposing winding inthe wor circuit, a series wound booster in the work circuit, and a motormechanically connected to both boosters.

'27. In a train lighting system, a compound wound generator, a storagebattery, 3. work circuit, a booster in the battery circuit, having ashunt winding, a cumulative winding in the battery circuit and anopposing winding in the work circuit, and a series wound booster in thework circuit.

28. The combination of a. main generator, a work circuit suppliedthereby, a. storage battery and a charging circuit connecting the sameto the generator, a supplementary generator in the work circuit, anotherin the charging circuit. and regulating coils for said supplementarygenerators in series therewith in their respective circuits.

29. The combination of a main generator,

a work circuit supplied thereby, a storage l name to this specification,in the presence of battery and a, charging Cill'Cllil] conneclting the ltwo subscribing witnesses. s i 5 same to t 1e enera or a nznno in t 10work v v ;r circuit haviii g a field ivind ing in said circuit, ILLIAM'1 LRBAX 5 and a dynamo in the charging circuit having Witnesses:

a field winding in said circuit. l MARcELLUs R. Sunni),

In testimony whereof, I have signed my EDMUND M. MAW.

i g .e

It-is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 899,145, grantedSeptember 22, 1908, upon the application of William A. Turbayne, ofLancaster, New York, for an improvement in Electrical Systems ofDistribution, an error appears in the printed specificat-ion requiringcorrection, as follows: In line 62, page 4, the word train, second ioccurrence. should read main; and that the said Letters Patent should beread with this correction therein that the same may conform to therecord of the casein the Patent Ofiice. I

Signed end sealed this 17th day of Noveinber, A. D., 1908.

[sEAL.] c. c. BILLINGs, Acting Commissioner of Patents.

Correction in Letters Patent No. 899,145.

